• Although the control group and

  2020-04-02

  

  Although the control group and tinnitus group do not significantly differ based on age, gender or hearing loss, a limitation of this study is that the control group is only group-matched, and not individually matched. Furthermore, we only tested hearing acuity in tinnitus patients via standard pure

• Chk and Chk are functionally redundant protein kinases that

  2020-04-02

  

  Chk1 and Chk2 are functionally redundant protein kinases that respond to checkpoint signals emanating from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family members ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad-3 related). A concerted research effort has revealed many mechanistic

• By using live imaging of an ERK fluorescence resonance

  2020-04-02

  

  By using live imaging of an ERK fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor, the authors show that ERK activity propagates in a stepwise manner from the center to the periphery of the tracheal placode. This row-by-row propagation of ERK activity fits a relay model in which each row activate

• In humans the ER is encoded by the gene ESR

  2020-04-02

  

  In humans, the ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1, located on chromosome 6, locus 6q25.1 (Gosden, Middleton, & Rout, 1986). In addition to the full-length ERα isoform (66kDa), several shorter isoforms (36kDa, 46kDa) have been identified as a result of the presence of alternate start codons, or as produ

• The assembly and maturation of

  2020-04-02

  

  The assembly and maturation of invadopodia can be initiated by chemical stimuli such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF), as well as the mechanical signals from extracellular matrix (ECM). Upon binding, EGF activates the EGF receptor (EGFR), which further activates several intracellular signaling p

• In Arabidopsis the quartet qrt mutant enables the same

  2020-04-02

  

  In Arabidopsis the quartet1 (qrt1) mutant enables the same type of analysis of gametophytes (pollen) in sets of four (tetrads) derived from individual meioses 61., 62.. Pollen tetrads from one accession (Columbia-0) are used to pollinate a second polymorphic accessions (Landsberg erecta) resulting i

• br Cytokine profile in MPN

  2020-04-01

  

  Cytokine profile in MPN: Results from experimental investigation Cytokines are small molecules constituted by proteins or glycoproteins, which regulate the immune cell function and the immune system. They are secreted mainly by immune Myriocin but also by other cells such as epithelial cells in

• Early studies from the mollusk Aplysia reported

  2020-04-01

  

  Early studies from the mollusk, Aplysia, reported the presence of a unique class of myosin inhibitor receptors in neurons, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channels (ACCs) (Kehoe and McIntosh, 1998). Later, studies identified these receptors in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Putrenko et

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2020-04-01

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26292031. We thank Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. for the gift of the sample of fluralaner. Introduction As one of the most common cancers in southern China and southeast Asia, nasopharynge

• br Steroid biosynthesis br Steroid hormone metabolism in bre

  2020-04-01

  

  Steroid biosynthesis Steroid hormone metabolism in breast cancer Conclusion Steroid hormones elicit their biological actions primarily by binding to steroid receptors such as the ER, AR, PR and GR. Although classical breast cancer diagnostic panels assess the expression of the ER and PR, as

• br Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol le

  2020-04-01

  

  Discussion The regulation of intracellular cholesterol levels is a biological process of vital importance for cellular function and integrity, and involves robust transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are sensitive to metabolic feedback control. Amongst post-transcriptional me

• The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is an

  2020-04-01

  

  The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important farmed fish with an XX/XY sex-determining system. The availability of the whole genome sequence of tilapia and tissue transcriptomes (Brawand et al., 2014), together with its gonadal transcriptomes at different developmental stages (Tao et al.

• Tempol br Methods To study electrostatic substrate

  2020-04-01

  

  Methods To study electrostatic substrate channeling, we employed two methodologies, Brownian dynamics and a continuum model based on the Smoluchowski theory. Whereas Brownian dynamics simulations are useful for tracking the motion of individual particles, the continuum model is convenient for cal

• Balaglitazone synthesis br Introduction The offspring of rod

  2020-04-01

  

  Introduction The offspring of rodents emit vocalizations when isolated from their dam. The majority of vocalizations by rat pups are in the ultrasonic band frequency of 30–50 kHz (Insel et al., 1986). Maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations are believed to represent distress signals

• br Experimental procedures br Introduction Perfluorooctane s

  2020-04-01

  

  Experimental procedures Introduction Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an anthropogenic compound with high thermal, chemical and biological stability, which makes it a perfect ingredient for many industrial applications (Kissa, 2001). Nevertheless, these characteristics also mean that PFOS i

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